Security

CIA Triad

ByStefan Karg 29.07.202225.08.2025

This week: Learn about the three fundamentals of security:

🔒confidentiality, 🏡 integrity and 🟢 availability

OT

Investigation of cyber-attack on Polish rail network
ByStefan Karg 28.08.202325.08.2025

The Polish Press Agency (PAP) reports a cyber attack on the Polish rail network in the north-west of the country in Szczecin. A BBC article reports: “Hackers broke into railway frequencies to disrupt traffic in the north-west of the country overnight, the Polish Press Agency (PAP) reported on Saturday.The signals were interspersed with recording of…

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OT

Attack on GSM-R
ByStefan Karg 10.10.202225.08.2025

Cables for GSM-R were intentionally cut this morning in northern Germany. This is a very serious incident and has to be carefully investigated with regard to the motivation of the attackers. Link to article of German newspaper “Die Zeit” (08.10.2022)

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OT | Security | Standardization

Railway Security standards
ByStefan Karg 08.08.202425.08.2025

In this post, I delve into the most relevant standards that secure our railway systems. Using Europe and Germany as a case study for the local and national level of standards, the following infographics provides a comprehensive overview of the most relevant standards helping to increase security on the tracks. 📄 Download infographics as pdf:…

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Security

Is your Android phone up-to-date?
ByStefan Karg 23.06.202325.08.2025

💡 Tip for the weekend: Does your Android phone have the latest updates installed?

Read More Is your Android phone up-to-date?
Security

Two-factor authentication
ByStefan Karg 10.02.202225.08.2025

Start to annoy hackers today by using two-factor authentication (2FA)! Setting up 2-Step Verification (2SV) – NCSC.GOV.UK

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Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

Understanding “Products with Digital Elements” Under the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)
ByStefan Karg 16.02.202616.02.2026

If you’re evaluating whether your product falls under the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA), you’ve likely encountered the term “Product with Digital Elements” (PDE). This term is central to the CRA, and understanding it is crucial. The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) defines the scope of its regulations in Article 2, which explicitly references “products with digital…

Read More Understanding “Products with Digital Elements” Under the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)

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